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氢能动力车的类型组成及工作原理介绍

2022-11-08 14:00

什么是氢能动力车

我们要了解什么是氢能动力车，氢能汽车就是以氢为能源的汽车。一般汽车以柴油或汽油在内燃机中燃烧产生的推力为动力源，氢能源汽车包括氢内燃机汽车和氢燃料电池汽车。前者的动力源是氢气在内燃机中燃烧产生的能量，后者是氢气或含氢物质与燃料电池中空气中的氧气发生反应产生电能来驱动电动机。

氢能动力车的类型组成及工作原理介绍

氢能动力车的类型：

氢能汽车主要分为氢内燃机和氢燃料电池技术两大类。

氢内燃机

氢燃料电池技术

氢内燃机汽车的工作原理:氢发动机的原理与内燃机相同。氢燃料电池汽车的工作原理:氢燃料电池技术是目前各大车企的主流方向。工作原理是将氢气输送到燃料电池的阳极。在催化剂的作用下，一个氢原子分解成2个氢离子和2个电子。通过质子交换膜后与氧气结合生成水。电子不能通过交换膜，只能通过外部电路，被迫产生电流。理论上，只要不断向阳极供氢，向阴极供氧，就可以不断发电。

氢气如何转化为电能：

氢燃料电池可以很好地避免氢内燃的缺点。比如化学反应不需要高温，所以能量交换后的产物只有水，能量密度更高，能量转换效率比氢内燃机高很多。氢燃料电池汽车的动力系统主要由高压储氢罐、动力电池、燃料电池堆、燃料电池增压器和驱动用电组成。氢燃料电池可以很好地避免氢内燃的缺点。比如化学反应不需要高温，所以能量交换后的产物只有水，能量密度更高，能量转换效率比氢内燃机高很多。氢燃料电池汽车的动力系统主要由高压储氢罐、动力电池、燃料电池堆、燃料电池增压器和驱动用电组成。

氢燃料电池汽车动力系统的主要组成部分：

其中，燃料电池电堆是氢燃料电池汽车的核心部件，为电动发动机提供动力；高压储氢罐提供燃料，动力电池组提供额外的动力，让车辆能够在高速上加速、爬升和行驶。此外，当车辆在滑行时，能量控制单元将驱动电机变成发电机，从而将汽车的部分动能转化为电能，为动力电池充电。

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